King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 33:6 Mean?

Deuteronomy 33:6 in the King James Version says “Let Reuben live, and not die; and let not his men be few. — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 33 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Let Reuben live, and not die; and let not his men be few.

Deuteronomy 33:6 · KJV


Context

4

Moses commanded us a law, even the inheritance of the congregation of Jacob.

5

And he was king in Jeshurun, when the heads of the people and the tribes of Israel were gathered together.

6

Let Reuben live, and not die; and let not his men be few.

7

And this is the blessing of Judah: and he said, Hear, LORD, the voice of Judah, and bring him unto his people: let his hands be sufficient for him; and be thou an help to him from his enemies.

8

And of Levi he said, Let thy Thummim and thy Urim be with thy holy one, whom thou didst prove at Massah, and with whom thou didst strive at the waters of Meribah;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Let Reuben live, and not die; and let not his men be few.

Moses' blessing of Reuben is notably brief and precarious compared to other tribes. The jussive verbs yechi ("let live") and al-yamot ("and not die") suggest existential threat—Reuben's survival is not guaranteed but requires divine intervention. This reflects Jacob's prophecy that Reuben would "not excel" after defiling his father's bed (Genesis 49:3-4), resulting in lost primogeniture despite being firstborn.

The phrase vimetav yehi misparo ("and let his men be his number/not few") literally reads "and let his number be a number," a Hebrew idiom for maintaining viable population. Reuben's territory east of Jordan (Trans-Jordan) was vulnerable to Moabite and Ammonite attacks. The tribe's diminished status is reflected in their absence from prominent roles in Israel's history—no judge, king, or major prophet arose from Reuben.

Despite Reuben's disgrace and decline, Moses' blessing affirms God's covenant mercy. Reuben isn't excluded from Israel's inheritance but granted preservation, demonstrating that covenant faithfulness transcends individual tribal failures. This grace foreshadows the gospel: even failing tribes/individuals remain within God's redemptive purposes when covenant community is preserved through divine mercy rather than tribal merit.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Reuben, Jacob's firstborn, lost his birthright through sexual immorality with Bilhah (Genesis 35:22). The tribe settled east of the Jordan in the plains formerly controlled by the Amorite kings Sihon and Og (Numbers 32). Despite numerical strength at the Exodus (Numbers 1:21: 46,500 men), Reuben declined and never achieved political prominence. By David's era, Reuben had diminished significantly, and by the Assyrian exile (734 BC), the Trans-Jordan tribes including Reuben were the first to be conquered and deported (1 Chronicles 5:26).

Moses' prayer for Reuben's survival proved prophetic—the tribe persisted but never flourished. This contrasts with Judah (vv. 7) and Joseph (vv. 13-17) who received extensive blessings. Reuben's primary biblical legacy is negative example of forfeited blessing through moral failure, yet divine mercy preventing total extinction.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Reuben's story demonstrate both the consequences of sin and God's covenant mercy?
  2. What does Moses' prayer for Reuben's mere survival teach about interceding for struggling believers or churches?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
יְחִ֥י1 of 7

live

H2421

to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive

רְאוּבֵ֖ן2 of 7

Let Reuben

H7205

reuben, a son of jacob

וְאַל3 of 7
H408

not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing

יָמֹ֑ת4 of 7

and not die

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

וִיהִ֥י5 of 7
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

מְתָ֖יו6 of 7

and let not his men

H4962

properly, an adult (as of full length); by implication, a man (only in the plural)

מִסְפָּֽר׃7 of 7

be few

H4557

a number, definite (arithmetical) or indefinite (large, innumerable; small, a few); also (abstractly) narration


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 33:6 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 33:6 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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