(26) **The disciples were called Christians first in Antioch.**—The term for “were called” is not the word usually so rendered. Better, perhaps, *got the name of Christians.* The Emperor Julian (*Misopog., *p. 344) notes the tendency to invent nicknames, as a form of satire, as characteristic of the population of Antioch in his time, and the same tone of *persiflage* seems to have prevailed on the first appearance of the new faith. The origin of a name which was afterwards to be so mighty in the history of the world is a subject full of interest. In its form it was essentially Latin, after the pattern of the *Pompeiani, Sullani, *and other party-names; and so far it would seem to have grown out of the contact of the new society with the Romans stationed at Antioch, who, learning that its members acknowledged the *Christos* as their head, gave them the name of *Christiani.* In the Gospels, it is true, however (Matthew 22:16, *et al.*)*, *we find the analogous term of *Herodiani, *but there, also, we may legitimately trace the influence of Roman associations. As used in the New Testament, we note (1) that the disciples never use it of themselves. They keep to such terms as the “brethren” (Acts 15:1), and the “saints” (Acts 9:13), and “those of the way” (Acts 9:2). (2) That the hostile Jews use the more scornful term of “Nazarenes” (Acts 24:5). (3) That the term *Christianus* is used as a neutral and sufficiently respectful word by Agrippa in Acts 26:23, and at a somewhat later date, when it had obviously gained a wider currency, as that which brought with it the danger of suffering and persecution (1Peter 4:16). It was natural that a name first given by outsiders should soon be accepted by believers as a title in which to glory. Tradition ascribes its origin to Euodius, the first Bishop of Antioch (Bingham, *Ant.* II. i. § 4), and Ignatius, his successor, uses it frequently, and forms from it the hardly less important word of *Christianismos, *as opposed to *Judaismos *(*Philadelph.* c. 6), and as expressing the whole system of faith and life which we know as “Christianity.” It may be worth while to note that another ecclesiastical term, hardly less important in the history of Christendom, seems also to have originated at Antioch, and that we may trace to it the name of *Catholic* as well as *Christian* (Ignatius, *Smyrn.* c. 8). We learn from Tertullian (*Apol.* c. 3) that the name was often wrongly pronounced as *Chrestiani, *and its meaning not understood. Even the name of *Christos* was pronounced and explained as *Chrestos* (= good). The Christians, on their side, accepted the mistake as a *nomen et omen, *an unconscious witness on the part of the heathen that they were good and worthy in their lives, that their Lord was “good and gracious (1Peter 2:3).
Charles John Ellicott (1819–1905). Public Domain.