King James Version

What Does Luke 21:34 Mean?

Luke 21:34 in the King James Version says “And take heed to yourselves, lest at any time your hearts be overcharged with surfeiting, and drunkenness, and cares of ... — study this verse from Luke chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And take heed to yourselves, lest at any time your hearts be overcharged with surfeiting, and drunkenness, and cares of this life, and so that day come upon you unawares.

Luke 21:34 · KJV


Context

32

Verily I say unto you, This generation shall not pass away, till all be fulfilled.

33

Heaven and earth shall pass away: but my words shall not pass away.

34

And take heed to yourselves, lest at any time your hearts be overcharged with surfeiting, and drunkenness, and cares of this life, and so that day come upon you unawares.

35

For as a snare shall it come on all them that dwell on the face of the whole earth.

36

Watch ye therefore, and pray always , that ye may be accounted worthy to escape all these things that shall come to pass, and to stand before the Son of man.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Take heed to yourselves, lest at any time your hearts be overcharged (Προσέχετε δὲ ἑαυτοῖς μήποτε βαρηθῶσιν ὑμῶν αἱ καρδίαι, Prosechete de heautois mēpote barēthōsin hymōn hai kardiai)—Prosechō heautois (take heed to yourselves) commands self-vigilance. Mēpote (lest at any time) warns against even momentary lapse. Bareō (to weigh down, burden, overcharge) in the aorist passive subjunctive barēthōsin suggests sudden heaviness overtaking the kardia (heart), the center of will and affection.

With surfeiting, and drunkenness, and cares of this life (ἐν κραιπάλῃ καὶ μέθῃ καὶ μερίμναις βιωτικαῖς, en kraipālē kai methē kai merimnais biōtikais)—three dangers: kraipālē (surfeiting, dissipation, the hangover and nausea from excess), methē (drunkenness), and merimnai biōtikai (cares/anxieties of life). Note Jesus equates sensual excess (drunkenness) with mundane anxiety (life's cares)—both dull spiritual alertness. And so that day come upon you unawares (καὶ ἐπιστῇ ἐφ' ὑμᾶς αἰφνίδιος ἡ ἡμέρα ἐκείνη, kai epistē eph' hymas aiphnidios hē hēmera ekeinē)—epistēmi (to come upon, arrive suddenly) with aiphnidios (unexpected, sudden) warns of Christ's return catching unprepared believers like a thief (1 Thessalonians 5:2-4).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

This warning follows the Olivet Discourse on Jerusalem's destruction (AD 70) and end-times signs. Jesus warns disciples that both catastrophic judgment and final return require readiness. Early church lived in constant expectation of Christ's return (Romans 13:11-14, 1 Peter 4:7), making vigilance urgent.

Reflection Questions

  1. How can both excessive indulgence and anxious worry equally dull your spiritual alertness to Christ's coming?
  2. What specific 'cares of this life' currently burden your heart and distract from eternal readiness?
  3. How should living with constant expectation of 'that day' reshape your daily priorities and choices?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 23 words
Προσέχετε1 of 23

take heed

G4337

(figuratively) to hold the mind (3563 implied) towards, i.e., pay attention to, be cautious about, apply oneself to, adhere to

δὲ2 of 23

And

G1161

but, and, etc

ἑαυτοῖς3 of 23

to yourselves

G1438

(him- her-, it-, them-, my-, thy-, our-, your-)self (selves), etc

μήποτε4 of 23

lest at any time

G3379

not ever; also if (or lest) ever (or perhaps)

βαρυνθῶσιν5 of 23

be overcharged

G925

to burden (figuratively)

ὑμῶν6 of 23

your

G5216

of (from or concerning) you

αἱ7 of 23
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

καρδίαι8 of 23

hearts

G2588

the heart, i.e., (figuratively) the thoughts or feelings (mind); also (by analogy) the middle

ἐν9 of 23

with

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

κραιπάλῃ10 of 23

surfeiting

G2897

properly, a headache (as a seizure of pain) from drunkenness, i.e., (by implication) a debauch (by analogy, a glut)

καὶ11 of 23

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

μέθῃ12 of 23

drunkenness

G3178

an intoxicant, i.e., (by implication) intoxication

καὶ13 of 23

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

μερίμναις14 of 23

cares

G3308

solicitude

βιωτικαῖς15 of 23

of this life

G982

relating to the present existence

καὶ16 of 23

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

αἰφνίδιος17 of 23

unawares

G160

unexpected, i.e., (adverbially) suddenly

ἐφ'18 of 23

upon

G1909

properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re

ὑμᾶς19 of 23

you

G5209

you (as the objective of a verb or preposition)

ἐπιστῇ20 of 23

come

G2186

to stand upon, i.e., be present (in various applications, friendly or otherwise, usually literal)

21 of 23
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἡμέρα22 of 23

day

G2250

day, i.e., (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours (but several days were usually reckoned by the jews as inclusive of

ἐκείνη23 of 23

so that

G1565

that one (or (neuter) thing); often intensified by the article prefixed


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 21:34 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 21:34 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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