King James Version

What Does Joshua 19:17 Mean?

Joshua 19:17 in the King James Version says “And the fourth lot came out to Issachar, for the children of Issachar according to their families. — study this verse from Joshua chapter 19 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the fourth lot came out to Issachar, for the children of Issachar according to their families.

Joshua 19:17 · KJV


Context

15

And Kattath, and Nahallal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Bethlehem: twelve cities with their villages.

16

This is the inheritance of the children of Zebulun according to their families, these cities with their villages.

17

And the fourth lot came out to Issachar, for the children of Issachar according to their families.

18

And their border was toward Jezreel, and Chesulloth, and Shunem,

19

And Hapharaim, and Shion, and Anaharath,


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And the fourth lot came out to Issachar, for the children of Issachar according to their families. This verse marks the allocation of tribal territory to Issachar, Jacob's ninth son by Leah (Genesis 30:17-18). The Hebrew name Yissākhār (יִשָּׂשכָר) derives from sākhār (שָׂכָר, "wages" or "hire"), reflecting Leah's declaration: "God hath given me my hire" (Genesis 30:18). The tribe's inheritance came through the sacred lottery system (gôrāl, גּוֹרָל), demonstrating that land distribution was determined by divine providence, not human merit or military strength.

Jacob's blessing pronounced Issachar "a strong ass couching down between two burdens" who would "bow his shoulder to bear" (Genesis 49:14-15). This prophecy found fulfillment in their fertile but strategically vulnerable territory. The phrase "according to their families" (l'mishpĕḥōthām, לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם) emphasizes the covenant's extension through family structures—God's promises operated not through atomized individuals but through households and clans, establishing a corporate identity rooted in genealogical continuity.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

This allocation occurred approximately 1400-1390 BC after Joshua's conquest campaigns. Issachar received territory in the fertile Jezreel Valley, one of ancient Palestine's most productive agricultural regions. The Jezreel corridor served as a major trade route connecting Egypt with Mesopotamia, making it economically valuable but militarily vulnerable. Control of this valley meant control of commerce and military movement between continents. However, this strategic location also made Issachar's territory a frequent battleground. Major biblical conflicts occurred here: Deborah and Barak defeated Sisera (Judges 4-5), Gideon routed the Midianites (Judges 6-7), and Josiah died fighting Pharaoh Necho (2 Kings 23:29).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the lot-casting system for tribal inheritance teach us to recognize God's sovereignty over our circumstances and opportunities?
  2. What does Issachar's blessing-burden (fertile land in vulnerable location) reveal about how God's gifts often come with corresponding responsibilities?
  3. How might the emphasis on 'families' challenge modern individualistic approaches to faith and covenant community?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר1 of 7

of Issachar

H3485

jissaskar, a son of jacob

יָצָ֖א2 of 7

came out

H3318

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim

הַגּוֹרָ֣ל3 of 7

lot

H1486

properly, a pebble, i.e., a lot (small stones being used for that purpose); figuratively, a portion or destiny (as if determined by lot)

הָֽרְבִיעִ֑י4 of 7

And the fourth

H7243

fourth; also (fractionally) a fourth

לִבְנֵ֥י5 of 7

for the children

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר6 of 7

of Issachar

H3485

jissaskar, a son of jacob

לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָֽם׃7 of 7

according to their families

H4940

a family, i.e., circle of relatives; figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or sort (of things); by extension a tribe or people


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Joshua. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Joshua 19:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study