King James Version
What Does Joshua 12:21 Mean?
“The king of Taanach, one; the king of Megiddo, one;”
Joshua 12:21 · KJV
Context
19
The king of Madon, one; the king of Hazor, one;
20
The king of Shimronmeron, one; the king of Achshaph, one;
21
The king of Taanach, one; the king of Megiddo, one;
22
The king of Kedesh, one; the king of Jokneam of Carmel, one;
23
The king of Dor in the coast of Dor, one; the king of the nations of Gilgal, one;
Commentary
KJV Study CommentaryThe king of Taanach, one; the king of Megiddo, one—Taanach (תַּעֲנַךְ, ta'anach) and Megiddo (מְגִדּוֹ, megiddo, 'place of troops') were twin fortresses guarding the strategic Jezreel Valley and controlling access through the Carmel mountain range via the Megiddo pass. Possessing these cities meant controlling the primary east-west trade route connecting the coastal Via Maris with the inland King's Highway.
Megiddo's subsequent biblical prominence—as the site where Deborah defeated Canaanite kings (Judges 5:19), where Josiah died fighting Pharaoh Necho (2 Kings 23:29-30), and as the symbolic location for final battle (Revelation 16:16, 'Armageddon' = Har Megiddo, 'Mount Megiddo')—makes this notation prophetically significant. Joshua's conquest of Megiddo's king foreshadowed the location where divine judgment would repeatedly fall on God's enemies throughout redemptive history.
Megiddo's subsequent biblical prominence—as the site where Deborah defeated Canaanite kings (Judges 5:19), where Josiah died fighting Pharaoh Necho (2 Kings 23:29-30), and as the symbolic location for final battle (Revelation 16:16, 'Armageddon' = Har Megiddo, 'Mount Megiddo')—makes this notation prophetically significant. Joshua's conquest of Megiddo's king foreshadowed the location where divine judgment would repeatedly fall on God's enemies throughout redemptive history.
KJV Study — Public Domain
Historical & Cultural Context
Taanach (Tell Ta'annek) and Megiddo (Tell el-Mutesellim) are both extensively excavated sites showing major Late Bronze Age destruction layers consistent with 13th-12th century BC conquest. Megiddo, one of the most excavated sites in Israel, reveals 26 occupation layers spanning from 4000 BC to 400 BC. Its strategic position guarding the Megiddo pass made it perhaps the most fought-over location in ancient history. Egyptian, Assyrian, and biblical records all reference Megiddo's military importance.
Reflection Questions
- How does Megiddo's role throughout Scripture (from Joshua to Revelation) demonstrate God's sovereignty over strategic locations?
- What does controlling key 'passes' like Megiddo teach about the importance of strategic thinking in spiritual warfare?
- How do past victories at significant locations (like Megiddo) encourage faith for future confrontations?
Original Language Analysis
Hebrew · 6 wordsStudy Guide
Historical Context
This verse is found in the book of Joshua. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.
Theological Significance
Joshua 12:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.
Cross-References
Verses related to Joshua 12:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge